Isolation of Individual Colonies - 1087 Words

A. Define the following: Enriched Media: An enrichment medium contains some important growth factor (vitamin, amino acid, blood component, or carbon source) necessary for the growth of fastidious organisms. Selective Media: Selective media allow for the selection of particular microorganisms that may be present in a mixed culture. Selective media usually contain a component that enhances the growth of the desired organism or inhibits the growth of competing organisms. Differential Media: Differential media allow for the separation of organisms based on some observable change in the appearance of the medium or by an observable effect on the microbe. Complex Media: A complex medium is composed of a mixture of†¦show more content†¦The hemocytometer is a device used to count cells. It was originally designed for the counting of blood cells. It consists of a thick glass microscope slide with a rectangular indentation that creates a chamber. This chamber is engraved with a laser-etched grid of perpendicular lines. The device is carefully crafted so that the area bounded by the lines is known, and the depth of the chamber is also known. It is therefore possible to count the number of cells or particles in a specific volume of fluid, and thereby calculate the concentration of cells in the fluid overall. I. Define the following acronyms: CFU- Colony Forming Units (CFUs) are divided by the product of the dilution factor and the volume of the plated diluted suspension to determine the number of organisms per mL that were present in the original solution. TNTC- Dishes containing more than a few hundred colonies are considered Too Numerous To Count (TNTC) and are recorded as TNTC in data records. TFTC- Dishes with only a few colonies are considered Too Few To Count (TFTC) and recorded as TFTC. OD- The measurements can also be converted to Optical Density (OD) which is a quantitative method of describing the cellular mass of a culture. The measurements obtained through spectrophotometer readings are considered total count measurements because they include all cells present, both viable and nonviable. J. When serial dilution is used to enumerate microbesShow MoreRelatedIsolation Within The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1682 Words   |  7 PagesIsolation in The Scarlet Letter In a community, people understand and know each other. In most cases, individuals grow up together and share the same ideals and customs. When a new person shows up, people tend to flock and try to form a persona of the person. Many people expect him or her to fit into the community very fast and follow their laws and customs without complaint. Unfortunately, not everyone can act as a perfect person, and mistakes or problems can occur, which leads to the isolationRead MoreBacterial Growth Rates Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagesshigellosis are as follows: Brilliant Green Agar – Isolated Shigella colonies which do not ferment lactose or sucrose and appear red or white in color with no growth to trace growth on the Agar plate will be present. Triple Sugar-Iron Agar – Presence of Shigella will manifest as a red slant with a yellow butt with no H2S present. In Brilliant Green Agar, E. coli O157 would present as isolated yellow to greenish colonies surrounded by yellow-green zones. In the Triple Sugar-Iron Agar, E. coliRead MoreThe Medical Significance Of Modern Medicine1285 Words   |  6 Pagesreceiving the sterile unknowns, it was then steaked for isolation onto a Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar, using aseptic technique. The plates were then incubated in a controlled aerobic environment at a temperature of 37C º. After 24 hours of incubation, the plates were observed for differing morphologies. Performing aseptic technique, a sterile loop was used to remove a sample of each of the isolated colonies and then was streaked for isolation on individual BHI plates. The plates were then incubated aerobicallyRead MoreThe Importance Of Knowing The Identity Of A Microorganism Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pageswas determined. The tested specimen was an unknown sample of a mixed culture of two different species of bacteria. The first step that was taken was obtaining a pure culture of each species of bacteria by isolating one species from the other. Once isolation was complete, the isolated cultures were tested using procedures and tests that had been performed during previous lab sessions. Each mixed culture that was tested had one gram positive and one gram negative bacterial species. The possible speciesRead MoreA Body And Protective Facial Equipment859 Words   |  4 Pagesbacterial colonies. After obtaining the necessary medium, labeling the petry dish, a small portion of the sputum sample is streaked across the first quadrant of the dish in a zig-zag pattern using a sterile inoculation loop. After sterilizing the loop, the step is repeated 3 more times in a clock-wise pattern, dragging part of each quadrant into the next. In all, there will be 4 quadrants. It is important to sterilize the loop in between each quadrant to isolate the individual colonies. After 24Read More Identifying Two Unknown Species of Bacteria Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesusing the quadrant streak method for isolation. There were three agar plates; one was incubated at room temperature, the second at 30 degrees Celsius, and the third at 37 degrees Celsius. By placing each plate at a different temperature optimal growth temperature can be predicted for both species of bacteria. Week 1, Day 2 (12 November 2000) After 48 hours of incubation the agar plates were viewed. Individual colonies were tested for successful isolation by gram staining and then viewing theRead MoreStreak Plate Essay654 Words   |  3 PagesStudent: Yi-Ren Wang Course: BIO-205 BD2 Microbiology Instructor: Dirk VandePol Date: 6/21/2013 Streak Plate Isolation for Obtaining Pure Culture 1. When an agar plate is inoculated, why is the loop sterilized after the initial inoculation in put on? Ans: We use agar plate to inoculate microbes by zipping the loop on the agar several times. We streak on the agar plate four time, propose is to isolate the unknown bacteria. Therefore, the first time to streak on the plate, there areRead MoreHester Prynne and Roger Chillingworth in Puritan Society Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagessociety corrupts and conforms the individual, and it is the individual who breaks from consistency and conformity that is most free. Hester Prynne, a woman punished for adultery, is isolated by herself and her community, but breaks free from strict Puritan society. Roger Chillingworth, the husband of Hester, isolates himself which leads to the destruction of himself and the community. Hester Prynne and Roger Chillingworth experience different types of isolation, and while Hester chooses to transcendRead MoreIdentifying And Identify Two Unknown Bacteria From A Mixed Culture1737 Words   |  7 Pagesthe streak plate isolation to separate the unknowns and perf orm more differential tests. When there is a mixture of mixture of two or more organisms in a sample, a streak plate must be performed to isolate and identify the organisms. In the method of streak plate isolation a sample is obtained and streaked over the surface of a plated agar medium.(1) When a streak plate is performed individual cells settle down separately in the agar, which eventually grow into colonies. Each colony is consisted ofRead MoreLab Report : Isolating And Identifying Bacteria Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pageswas determined. The tested specimen was an unknown sample of a mixed culture of two different species of bacteria. The first step that was taken was obtaining a pure culture of each species of bacteria by isolating one species from the other. Once isolation was complete, the isolated cultures were tested using procedures that had been performed during previous lab sessions. A gram stain was performed on the two isolates. The isolate which had tested gram negative was then tested for the pr esence of

Small vs Large Organisation Essay - 1356 Words

What are advantages and disadvantages of large versus small organisations? Final draft Submited to Sherin White Reading Writing course C Language Learning Unit 03rd Sept 2010 1165 words What are the advantages and disadvantages of large versus small organisations? Porter, Lawler and Hackman (1975) state that organisation is a social entity, existing in order to achieve certain goals, involving specialisation and having some degree of permanence. It is composed of two or more people but the actual number and the way in which they are organised into groups vary from one organisation to another therefore creating the differences between small and large†¦show more content†¦Due to the dimensions, large businesses have many problems in management as well as in many other issues. Having differences in attitudes, values or perceptions, disagreements about needs, goals, priorities and interests can create conflicts and disputes between employees. Sizani(2010) demonstrates that conflicts and disputes occur more frequently in large organisations than in the small ones. As a result of being running by more than one owner, the decision-making process is time-consuming. In addition, a larger business is less flexible than a small one. Accord ing to Dlabay, Burrow and Kleindl (2009:134), large businesses cannot serve customers where the number of products and services needed is small or the requirements are too specialised for a large business to make a profit. A Large business also requires a well organised structure in order to control and make the best use of workforce and resources. Therefore inadequate organisational structure and lacking of clarity in roles and responsibilities might cause serious problems for large businesses. While having some inconveniences in management and organisation, large businesses have a large number of advantages which small businesses cannot have. The capital of a large firm is considerable for the reason that it is generated from partners altogether. Besides this, decisions made byShow MoreRelatedSoftware Architecture : Designing And Creation Of A Structured Framework1271 Words   |  6 Pagessoftware more efficiently (Software Architecture, 2016). This paper examines two early stage seminal papers of Software architecture: 1) ‘On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules’ by D.L Parnas, published 36 years ago 2) And ‘Large scale systems require higher-level abstractions by Mary Shaw’ published 17 years ago. Dr. Parnas, a pioneer of Software engineering, has done extensive research in the field of modular programming, an important part of object oriented programming.Read MoreB2B Marketing Paper1266 Words   |  6 Pageswith reference to an example of a company chosen from one of the following industries: Although business markets and consumer markets share common values and theories, they differ in the way that they function in their respective markets. Organisations need to ensure they understand what makes up a consumer and business market as well as the reasoning behind the purchases of goods and services. Your typical business market sees transactions completed amongst different businesses, i.e. a wholesalerRead MoreHow Does Culture Effect Management? Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesreason behind choosing the topic is because London is one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world. Everyone including myself comes from a different culture and I found it interesting to research on how culture could effect management in organisations. This study can be helpful for other students that want to know more about how culture could effect management. Literature review: Background: Culture: Culture is a difficult term to define. There are several different definitions of cultureRead MoreMisleading Advertisement1609 Words   |  7 Pageswarning notices and infringement notices (Amending Legislation, 2011). In return improving the overall effectiveness of misleading advertisement laws and regulations within Australia. The first issue is in relation to consumers and business organisations being somewhat unclear as to the difference between the contract law terms: misleading advertisement, puffery and invitation to treat, causing the Competition and Consumer Act (2010) (Cth) to be unclear and inefficient. Invitation to treat originatesRead MoreChallenges Associated With Crm And Cloud Technologies1627 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of the business-related benefits that a software brings is essential in gaining the necessary funding for the implementation of the software [1, 2, 3]. Additionally this context looks at the level of expertise available within the organisation for the implementation of the new technology [1, 2, 3]. Again salesforce eases these challenges by providing success stories [8] as well as success plans to drive adoption [10]. The pressures of securing funding are reduced by them providing aRead MoreCash Accounting : A Simple System Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness ââ€" ª how complicated your business transactions and processes are ââ€" ª whether you have the resources to manage accrual accounting. If you aren t sure, it s a good idea to talk to a business or accounting professional. Business.gov.au, 2015. Cash vs. Accrual accounting | business.gov.au. [online] Available at: [Accessed 9 Sep. 2015]. A cash basis income statement can contain results that are substantially different from those of an accrual basis income statement, Profit and loss statementRead MoreBusinesses keep a close eye on the money they make and the bills they owe. Anything that is not paid immediately is financed. Critically discuss the d1624 Words   |  7 Pageswhen they need money to operate. Short-term financing is more suitable to small and new businesses. It is because less money is involved in short-term financing and the risk is lower, investors have more confidence to lend money to those businesses. On the other hand, long-term financing involves higher risk as a much larger amount of money is involved and the duration of finance is longer. Usually, only large organisations consider long-term finance as the investment and project is in a big scaleRead MoreTaking a Look at Management Concepts791 Words   |  3 Pages1. TRANSACTIONAL VS. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP 1.1 Compare and contrast transactional and transformational leadership. Provide 2 specific examples 1.2 Discuss and explain how transformational leadership can bring about effective change in an organisation. Use 2 specific examples. 2. INCREMENTAL VS. RADICAL CHANGE 2.1 Compare and contrast incremental and radical change in an organisation. Provide 2 specific examples. 2.2 Discuss and explain how a change leader can determine if a required changeRead MoreIfrs Vs. Gaap Ifrs923 Words   |  4 Pagesissue. Another important and major disadvantage of adopting or converting to IFRS makes the IASB the monopolist in the sense of setting the standards. And this will be more solid if the US companies adopt IFRS. And if there is competition, such IFRS vs. GAAP that are up on national level, there is more chance of having relevant, reliable and useful information that would be produced while the companies are in the course of competition. And even though the companies and countries are incurring bigRead MoreThe Americanization of Religions1232 Words   |  5 Pagesinherently American and as such, portray uniquely American ideals. The first amendment allowed a spiritual philosophy like Transcendentalism to arise, but it has also had a key part in allowing cults to emerge and to flourish. The 1944 United States vs. Ballard case marked a significant change in legal approaches towards dealing with cults. The original decision found the leaders of the â€Å"I AM† Movement guilty of fraud for collecting funds for a religious cause in which neither believed. The charges

Dolce and Gabbana free essay sample

Cultural analysis on Dolce and Gabbana By: sudikcha koirala We live in a diversified world with different cultures. Going through the multinational course we realized there exists differences in people with the place of their origin and culture. As I studied about the DOLCE GABBANA i came across different cultural issues. While analyzing one of the world’s leading luxury industry/fashion house dolce and gabbana’s websites I got insights about the opportunities and threat to the company with the cultural biases of different countries. Dolce Gabbana was publicly criticized by Britains advertising watchdog Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in January 2007, for an advertising campaign showing models brandishing knives. Following complaints from consumers groups in February 2007, Dolce Gabbana pulled an advertisement in Spain that showed a man holding a woman to the ground by her wrists while a group of men look on. Spains Labour and Social Affairs Ministry branded the campaign as illegal and humiliating to women, saying the womans body position had no relation to the products Dolce Gabbana was trying to sell. We will write a custom essay sample on Dolce and Gabbana or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Italian publications followed suit, banning the ad. This advertisement was called a glorification of gang rape and declared one of the most controversial advertisements in fashion history. On 5 January 2012, apple daily reported that Hong Kong citizens had been prevented from taking pictures of Dolce Gabbana window displays in both their Hong Kong stores, stirring anti-mainland chinese sentiment. In particular staff and security personnel at their flagship store on Canton Road asserted the pavement area outside was private property where photography was forbidden. The actions sparked protests spanning several days and gained international news coverage on 8 January. Local news reports speculated that the Dolce Gabbanna photo ban may have been imposed at the request of some wealthy Chinese government officials who were shopping and who feared photographs of them in the store might circulate and fuel corruption allegations and investigations into the source of their wealth. Dolce Gabbana finally issued a formal apology to Hong Kong citizens from its Milan headquarters on 18 January 2012. Looking into more of DG’s advertisements, it becomes apparent that they play off of typical societal gender roles. Many times using some sort of sex appeal, the advertisements often depict women as submissive to male supremacy. Take for example, the Madonna for DG campaign. This campaign included many photos that reduced women to their homemaker gender role. Washing dishes and scrubbing floors on hands and knees (in a somewhat provocative position) both make an appearance in this campaign.

Music Therapy Effectiveness

Music therapy is â€Å"clinical and evidence-based use of music intervention† to achieve certain goals within a therapeutic relationship by a certified health expert who has successfully completed an approved music therapy course (American Music Therapy Association). Music therapy is a well-established medical care vocation in which highly trained and qualified healthcare experts use music to address social, emotional, cognitive, physical, and psychological needs of patients or clients (Wainapel and Avital 13).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Music Therapy Effectiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After carefully reviewing needs of a patient, a music therapist provides the client with music therapy treatment that mostly includes playing, singing, and creating music (Whipple 123). Scholars have argued that music provides good communication avenues, which are very essential in solving problems for clients who have difficulties expressing themselves (Whipple 94). Music therapy is also essential in facilitating treatment, increasing motivation, expressing feeling, and providing patients with emotional support necessary to promote good health (American Music Therapy Association). Apart from providing people with entertainment, music is widely used for treatment (Whipple 94). Because of this feature, music therapy is considered as â€Å"an art and a science† (Whipple 94). In a hospital setting, clients are referred for music therapy session by other doctors after carefully assessing their condition and healthcare needs. On the other hand, clients can also choose music therapy without necessary being referred by a health expert; this is known as self-referral (American Music Therapy Association). Music therapists are almost found everywhere especially in healthcare centers and they play a vital role in helping patients with special needs to improve communication and motor s kills (Wainapel and Avital 124). Music therapists also work with elderly people and they are useful in helping them to cope with life at old age. Music therapy and stroke patients Music can act as stroke therapy especially when combined with other treatment techniques (Wainapel and Avital 93). In a number of cases, music therapists have assisted stroke victims to recover. Scholar and researchers around the world have proved that music has a great effect on the human brain. According to research, music is able to â€Å"affect human emotions and social interaction† (Wainapel and Avital 92). In fact, research has proved beyond doubt that music is able to reduce stress, improve the general mood, and decrease the level of depression in human beings (American Music Therapy Association). Most recent studies have showed that music can help in reducing negative feeling hence improving clients’ motivation (Whipple 99).Advertising Looking for case study on alternative medici ne? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Health experts have also argued that when music is combined with other traditional treatments techniques, it can facilitate faster recovery of stroke patients. This is because music has shown ability to improve emotional and motivation for patients (Wainapel and Avital 123). A study conducted recently showed that, when music is incorporated in therapy session of a stroke patient, such a patient is likely to recover faster than when exercise is used alone for treatment (Koen 16). In addition to this, research has shown that stroke patients become more involved in therapy sessions once music is incorporated in the treatment program; this is the motivational aspect of music (Wainapel and Avital 111). Wainapel and Avital argues that music therapy helps in clients’ social functioning therefore motivating them to participate more in the rehabilitation process (265). Different researchers have su pported that when music is used together with traditional therapy, it is able to help stroke patient deal with emotional and social deficits that arise from stroke and hence speeding recovery of such patients (Koen 29). Moreover, music has shown to improve motor skills for stroke patients. Different rhythms produced by music are responsible in stimulating the auditory nerves in the human sensory organ (Goodman 37). Once music therapy is combined with traditional therapy during patients’ rehabilitation, it improves recovery process enabling the patients to walk. The outcomes of combining therapy session with music therapy have been studied extensively. In fact, research has shown that when stroke patient receive music therapy especially learning how to play instruments such as piano and guitar, they tend to improve motor skills within a short period (Goodman 37). In addition, music therapy enhances communication by improving speech for stroke patients (Wainapel and Avital 102) . Combination of music therapy in the rehabilitation process of stroke patients really helps in developing speech. In a study conducted by American Medical Association, stroke patients were divided into two groups. One group received traditional therapy only while the other group received traditional therapy combined with music therapy. Under observation, the two groups continued receiving therapy for specific period. The group that received traditional therapy combined with music therapy showed quick recovery rates than the one that did not receive music therapy.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Music Therapy Effectiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The patient receiving traditional therapy and music therapy showed great improvement in speech and communication since they were regularly singing, rapping, and chanting (Goodman 27). Such exercises (singing, chanting, and rapping) have proved to improve m outh muscle recovery for stroke patients. Why music therapy is effective in treating stroke patients and others I believe music is very helpful in improving health. Generally, stroke patients experience walking difficulties, communication problems, headaches, numbness, and visual problems (Goodman 42). On the other hand, music therapy has proved to facilitate muscle recovery, speech, motivational, and mood among others problems (Goodman 7). Activities such as playing guitar, piano, or a drum can facilitate muscle movements for stroke patients. In addition to this, music that contains certain message can enhance cognitive development for patients (Wainapel and Avital 121). As such, activities such as writing lyrics and performing creative music can help stroke patients and others to improve their mental state. On the other hand, activities that allow movement of mouth muscles such as singing, rapping, and chanting can be of great help to stroke patients who have speech problems (Amer ican Music Therapy Association). Finally, since music has the ability to affect human moods and feelings, once patients are engaged in activities that provides aesthetic qualities of music, they tend to improve their moods and motivation hence improving the general health (Goodman 23). In conclusion, music therapy has the ability to improve the quality of life. This is because music has great effect on the human brain (Whipple 112). In fact, music has certain form of effect on emotions that in turns triggers a certain response in the human brain (Wainapel and Avital 124). Patients who have incurred injuries in the brain or have brain problems also appear to respond to music therapy. Because of this, music therapists have continued using different music rhythms to organize the brain hence helping patients with disabilities to respond to other treatment techniques and therefore promoting fast recovery (Wainapel and Avital 124). Because of its vital role in the healthcare sector, music therapy as a discipline is found in different settings including schools, hospitals, correctional centers, and nurseries among others (Goodman 23). When combined with other treatment models, music therapy can play a vital role in recovery of stroke patients, clients with heart problems, and epilepsy among others. As such, music therapy can greatly improve the quality of life.Advertising Looking for case study on alternative medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited American Music Therapy Association. What is Music Therapy. 2012. Web. https://www.musictherapy.org/about/musictherapy/ Goodman, Doron (2011). Music Therapy Education and Training: From Theory to  Practice. Illinois: Charles Thomas Press, 2011. Print. Koen, Benjamin. The Oxford Handbook of Medical Ethnomusicology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Wainapel, Stanley, and Avital Fast. Alternative Medicine and Rehabilitation. New York: Demos Medical Publishing, 2003. Print. Whipple, Jennifer. Music in intervention for children and Adolescents with Autism: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Music Therapy, 41. 2 (2004): 90–156. Print. This case study on Music Therapy Effectiveness was written and submitted by user Perla Erickson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.